
Glass fu l f 



Book_„_ 




We£ern N. C. Railroad _- Mountain Division. 






INTRODUCTORY. 



The purpose of this little pamphlet is to present 
to the reader the advantages, resources and possibili- 
ties, together with the attractions, the mountainous 
section of North Carolina offers to immigrants, capi- 
talists, manufacturers, invalids, tourists and others. 

The Old Noeth State Yestebday, 
to-day and Forever. 



H. A. H. 



ASHEVILLE, N. C, 

MARCH 4, 1886. 





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ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 



A SUMMER RESORT AND WINTER SANITARIUM OF PECUL- 
IAR ADVANTAGES— REST, QUIET AND REPOSE IN 
MOUNTAINS 6,000 FEET HIGH— POETRY, MUSIC AND 
SONG ALONG THE RIPPLING. SWANNANOA— NATURE'S 
TRUNDLE-BED OF RECUPERATION. 



HISTORICAL 

NOTES. 

F THE earli- 
est traditional 
Knowledge of 
the mountain- 
ous section, or 
the Southern 
Highlands of 
North Carolina, 
it may be said 
that it has been 
handed down by 
the Cher o k e e 
Indians, as stat- 
ed by Col. Thomas several years ago in an interview while 
acting as Chief of the Cherokee tribe. Long before the 
Cherokees came to the Southern Highlands the country 
was inhabited by a people known as the moon-eyed race, 

3 




who were unable to see during certain phases of the moon. 
The Creek Indians inhabited this section before the 
Cherokees, took advantage of these moon-eyed people, 
and during their period of blindness killed them out- 
right. The Cherokees afterward conquered the Creeks, 
nearly annihilating the whole tribe. 

In 1729 the Lords Proprietors sold to the king for 
$45,000 their whole right and title in North Carolina, 
which then lay between the parallels of 31 and 36 degrees 
north latitude, and extended from the Atlantic ocean 
westward to the South sea. In 1749, twenty years there- 
after, emigrants from the west of Scotland flocked to 
the Cape Fear region, and one year later the first settle- 
ment of the Upper Yadkin was begun by the Scotch- 
Irish. One among the early settlers on this water-course 
was Daniel Boone, who in 1754 chased the bear on Bear 
creek, a small tributary of the South Yadkin, near 
Mocksville, N. C. Several years later there came an- 
other class of immigrants to the State, known as the 
Pennsylvania Dutch, who also largely settled along the 
banks of the Yadkin, and gradually diffused themselves 
among the valleys of the Catawba and Yadkin. 

After the Kevolution immigration to the mountains 
became very large. In the year 1795, says Wheeler the 
historian, the first wagon passed from North Carolina to 
Tennessee by the way of Warm Springs, and from this 
time forward this beautiful, wild and picturesque sec- 
tion began to fill up. On the French Broad at the mouth 
of the Swannanoa the first white child was born, on the 
inter-montane plateau, and the name of the child was 
James M. Smith. 

SOME OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 

"O happy days of innocence and ease, 
Blest with each charm, where every charm could please." 

Daniel Smith, who settled at the mouth of the Swan- 
nanoa in 1785, was one of the first white men to press 






the soil of the present limits of Buncombe county. He 
maintained a warfare, generally single-handed, against 




MAIN STBEET, ASHEVILLE. 



the Cherokee Indians for many years, and it is said that 
over one hundred bit the dust from his old flint rifle. 

John Patton, the father of Montravelle Patton, set- 
tled here in 1790, and made his first clearing on the 
Swannanoa, near "Patton's Mills." He was the first 
county surveyor of Buncombe, and held the position for 
many years with great fidelity and trust. 

5 



Samuel W. Davidson, a man of most noble parts, re- 
moved from Morganton to the Swannanoa in 1786. He 
was a man noted for his great liberality and broad 
views. His descendants are men of note in the State. 

James Patton came from Ireland to this country in 
1783, first settling in Virginia. He came to Buncombe 
county in 1792. He purchased from James M. Smith for 
a small sum the present site of Asheville. 

Zebulon Baird, the maternal grandfather of Gen. B. 
B. and Senator Z. B. Vance, came to this county in 1795 
from Georgia in a four-wheeled wagon across the moun- 
tains. Mr. Baird built the first storehouse and court- 
house as well as jail on the present site of Asheville. 
He was an industrious and progressive man in those 
days, and represented this county in both branches of 
the State Legislature. 

Col. David Vance, grandfather of Gen. K. B. and Sena- 
tor Vance, came to this county from Virginia, settling 
on Keen's creek. He was a brave soldier and a man of 
dauntless courage. He took an active part in the battle 
of King's Mountain, October 7, 1780. 

David L. Swain was born in Buncombe county in 1801. 
By the exercise of native talent he afterward became 
Governor of the State, closing his remarkable career as 
President of the University of North Carolina. 

There are the Alexanders, Weavers, Whitsons, Chums, 
Brevards and others, whose illustrious deeds and courage 
have made this county rich in personal narrative, but 
space forbids the further mention of their names or 
doings. 

THE METKOPOLIS OF THE LAND OE THE SKY. 

Asheville as far back as 1812 was a trading post, 
where the palefaces and the red men would oftentimes 
assemble to trade and barter and pass their leisure 
hours by throwing quoits for bear skins and whisky. 
Twenty-one years thereafter the place was incorporated, 

6 




PINEWALD— GKOUNDS OF GEORGE W. PACK. 



and for years was known as Morristown. This name, 
however, was afterward dropped, and the spot became 
known as Asheville, having been named in compliment 
to Samuel Ashe, of New Hanover. 



Asheville is the capital of Western North Carolina 
and the county seat of Buncombe, which county was 
formed in 1791 from Burke and Kandolph, lying imme- 
diately west of the Blue Ridge and the center of the 
transmontane section, occupying a beautiful rolling 
country down the Swannanoa and French Broad rivers, 
which streams water it freely, and along the valleys of 
which are found thousands of acres of very rich lands. 
Asheville, in the very heart of the Alleghany mountains, 
situated at the confluence of the Swannanoa and the 
French Broad rivers, among the foot-hills of the Black 
mountain range, thirteen peaks of which pierce the clouds 
at an altitude above that of Mount Washington, is pre- 
eminently a resort intended by Nature for the invalid 
and tourist. Placed at an elevation of 2,339 feet above 
the sea, in a charming valley, with a genial, soft, yet 
bracing climate, in the midst of enchanting scenery, this 
town has always been a place of great resort in summer 
as well as in winter, and must become more so when its 
many charms become better known. It has four or five 
hotels and numerous boarding-houses, at which pleas- 
ant lodgings and surroundings may be found. By day, 
in the season, the streets of the town are crowded with 
private equipages, parties on horseback and in buggies, 
enjoying excursions in the beautiful -vicinity or going 
on to other resorts. At night the hotels are gay with 
music and dancing, and all goes ' ' merry as a marriage 
bell." The town has several fine churches and well- 
organized schools. The citizens are cordial and hospi- 
table, at all times ready to oblige strangers and assist 
them in their plans. 

This town had so long been the resort of persons from 
the low country, before the war, that many of the 
wealthier class built themselves summer-houses here, 
whither they come each year. Many of these residences 
are elegant, with neat lawns and pretty shrubbery, and 



nearly all embowered in fine shade trees of the natural 
growth, or of the fine evergreens transplanted from the 
higher lands. The court-house is a large building with 
a high tower — quite a striking object in the midst of the 




PATTON AVENUE, FROM COURT HOUSE, ASHEVILLE. 



town. There is here also a college and a male academy, 
with excellent and commodious buildings and fine 
grounds. All these give a very impressive and charm- 
ing aspect to this mountain town, especially when seen 
from any of the noble eminences which surround it to- 



ward the northwest. The climate in summer is simply 
delicious, while in winter it is invigorating and health- 
giving. It is highly recommended as a place of resort for 
consumptives, many of whom have been entirely cured in 
the first stages of the disease by a residence in this place. 
The streets are being macadamized, while water-works, 
erected to supply fresh water from a cluster of springs 
on the mountains overhanging, and other useful improve- 
ments, are being added in every direction. Thousands 
of people resort to this place every summer, seeking 
health and pleasure and rest, and from April to Novem- 
ber the hotels, boarding-houses and private residences 
are crowded with visitors ; costly equipages go rattling 
over the streets ; splendid horses prance aloDg the ave- 
nues, bearing beauty and chivalry, wealth and joy, 
poetry and song, to the numerous romantic retreats, 
mountain views and gushing springs which abound in 
this lovely region. Everybody is gay in this joyous 
season, and Nature rejoices with her admirers. Nothing 
can excel the brilliant flowers of the mountains. First, 
the graceful azaleas, bending under their load of 
red and yellow lily-like blooms ; then the pink clusters 
of the ivy, on their dark evergreen foliage for a back- 
ground, succeeded by the crowning glory of the season, 
the rich, waxy clusters, pink and white, of the royal 
rhododendron. There are great jungles of this hardy 
evergreen, with its large, glossy green leaves, matted 
in their luxuriance along every stream, and in July it 
breaks out with large bunches of flowers, made up 
of innumerable small blooms coming out from one 
foot-stalk, the whole making a most gorgeous and brill- 
iant display. No other summer resort in the country 
possesses so many attractions as this place. The 
tourist or health-seeker may gratify his fondness 
for hunting and fishing in the woods and streams. He 
will find the country rich in fauna, flora and minerals. 

10 



He can lake pleasant walks or rides and drives in every 
direction to points of special interest, as follows : Bat- 
tery Porter, Beaumont, Fernihurst, Tahkeeoskee Farm, 
Bichmond Hill, Elk Mountain, Tennant's View, Straw- 
berry Hill, French Broad Biver, Swannanoa Biver, 
Chalybeate Springs, Yellow Sulphur Springs, White 
Sulphur Springs, Arden Park, Hickory Nut Falls, Bald 
Mountain (of volcanic notoriety), Cave of the Winds, 
Pools, Chimney Bock, etc., Pisgah Mountain (altitude, 
5,757 feet), Mount Mitchell (altitude, 6,717 feet). He 
will luxuriate in a climate which for pleasantness com- 
pares favorably with that of the cities of Southern Eu- 
rope, as will be seen by the following table : 

THE CLIMATE OF ASHEVILLE COMPARED TO FAMOUS 
EUROPEAN RESORTS. 

Spring. Summer. Autumn. Winter. Year. 

Asheville 54.3 

Geneva 52.2 

Turin 53 7 

Vienna 56 2 

Milan 54 9 

RAINFALL AT ASHEVILLE. 

Spring 10 1 in, I Autumn 7.1 in. 

Summer , 13 5 in. I Winter 9.5 in. 

Total 40.2 in. 

This climate is so invigorating and the air so pure 
that a residence here of a few months will rid the sys- 
tem of malaria, and some cases of pronounced dyspep- 
sia have been cured by its effect. Its advantages in 
pulmonary and throat affections are attested by scores 
who have sojourned here, and are well known to prom- 
inent physicians of the country, among whom may be 
mentioned Dr. Albert L. Loomis, of New York City; 
Dr. G. C. E. Weber, of Cleveland, Ohio; Dr. Charles 
Kearns, of Covington, Ky., and Dr. Henry O. Marcy, of 
Boston, Mass. 

11 



71.3 


55.3 


37.2 


55.3 


70 3 


54 2 


34.0 


52.7 


71.5 


53 8 


33.5 


53 1 


71.8 


54 6 


38 7 


55.3 


72 8 


55.9 


36 1 


54 9 



HOW TO GET TO ASHEVILLE. 

From New York — Leave Pennsylvania depot at 4 p. M. 
(via Virginia Midland), through to Asheville in Pullman 
coaches, in twenty-six hours. 

From Cincinnati — Leave at 8.10 p. M., via Louisville 
and Nashville Railroad or Cincinnati Southern, reaching 
Asheville, in Pullman coaches, in twenty-one hours. 

Through cars from Louisville, Ky., to Asheville; 
close connections at Louisville with all trains from Cin- 
cinnati, Indianapolis and Chicago. 




ferr-"! 



JLSHEVIini 
ST. C, 



From Florida, Charleston and the Southeast the route 
is via Charleston and Salisbury, also via Columbia, 
Spartanburg and Hendersonville. 

From New Orleans and the Southwest the trip is made 
via Knoxville and Morristown, Tenn., and the Warm 
Springs direct to Asheville, or by Atlanta, Spartanburg 
and Hendersonville. 

Those coming South via the Shenandoah Valley Route 
reach Asheville via Morristown, Tenn., and Warm 
Springs. 

13 



table of estimated bates oe Babe, distance and 

time in transit between asheville, 

n. c, and poin1s named. 



To Asheville from 

New York 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Savannah 

Charleston 

Charleston 

Augusta 

New Orleans 

New Orleans 

Mobile 

Montgomery 

Atlanta 

Richmond 

Hot Springs, Ark. . 

Memphis 

Nashville 

Louisville 

Cincinnati 



Fare. 


Distance 


Hrs. 


$23 55 


756 


26 


21 65 


646 


31 


21 65 


646 




17 20 
14 15 
14 15 
13 25 


519 
431 

386 


25 
24 

24 


22 45 


758 


28 


22 45 






20 20 


617 


24 


14 90 


437 


18 


10 70 
13 30 

26 50 


262 
383 
915 


13 
16 
45 


17 05 


712 


34 


12 25 


553 


24 


12 40 
12 75 


400 

427 


19 
24 



] oute. 



Pa B. B., Va. Mid., and 

B. &D. 
S. F. & W., B. & W.. 

Cent. Ga., and E.&D. 
S. F. & W., Cent. Ga., 

and B. and D. 
Cent. Ga., and B. & D. 
S. C. By., and B. & D. 
Atlantic Coast Line. 
B. & D. or Cent. Ga., 

and B. &. D. 
L. & N., W. Ala., A. & 

W. P., and E. & D. 
Q. & C, Ga Pac, and 

B. &D. 
L. & N., W. Ala., A & 

W. P., and B. & D 
L. & N., W. Ala., A & 

W. P., and B. & D. 
B. &D. 
B. & D. 
St. L. I. M. &So.,M. & 

L. B., N. C & St. L., 

W. & A., and B. & D. 
L. & N., N. C & St. L , 

W. k A., and B. & D. 
N. C. &St. L., W. & A., 

and B. & D. 
E. T., Va. & Ga. 
Cin. So., or L. & N„ E. 

T., Va, & Ga., and 

W. N. C. 



Explanation. — Pa. B. E. Pennsylvania Bailroad; Va. Mid"., Vir- 
ginia Midland; B. & D., Bichmond and Danville Bailroad System; 
S. F. & W., Savannah, Florida and Western Bailway; B. & W., Bruns - 
wick and Western Bailroad; Cent. Ga., Central Bailroad of Georgia; 
S. C. By., South Carolina Bailway ; L. & K.-, Louisville and Nash- 
ville Bailroad ; W. Ala., Western Bailway of Alabama ; A. & W. P., 
Atlantic and West Point Bailroad ; St. L., I. M. & So., St. Louis 
Iron Mountain and Southern Bailway ; M. & L. B., Memphis and 
Little Bock Bailroad ; N., C. & St. L., Nashville, Chattanooga and St. 
Louis Bailway : W. & A., Western and Atlantic Bailroad ; E. T., Va] 
& Ga., East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia ; W. N. C, Western 
North Carolina Bailroad. 

13 



CLIMATOLOGY. 




ONDITIONS of 
climate form 
one of the first 
considerations 
in a place that 
sets up a claim 
as a resort for 
invalids. The 
advantages of 
Asheville in this 
respect have 
long been re- 
cognized and the place was a 
health resort before the war. 
Dr. E. A. Gatchell, a well known 
physician and a man of great re- 
search, in a letter addressed to me regarding the climate 
of Buncombe county, says : 

Many of the most prominent physicians in the great 
cities have of late years turned their attention to the 
climate of this region, and it has been steadily growing 
in favor with invalids and tourists. People come from 

14 



all parts of the civilized world on account of the climate 
and other advantages. It is especially desirable be- 
cause of its being an all-the-year climate ; in other words, 
the four seasons are equally beneficial in promoting the 
recovery of patients suffering with pulmonary, malarial, 




STREET SCENE FROM COURT HOUSE, ASHEVILLE. 

nervous and other diseases. Thousands of invalids and 
tourists now visit Asheville annually in search of health 
and pleasure. 

During the January cold wave, which swept over the 
country from Manitoba to the southern extremity of 
Florida, Asheville, notwithstanding its elevation of 
2,339 feet, had a minimum temperature surprisingly 
high as compared with other points in the South. The 
Savannah river, at Augusta, Ga., in the latitude of 
Aiken, S. C. s was frozen over, while the French Broad 

15 



at Asheville was not. At Greenville, S. C., 1,500 feet 
below and many miles south of us, the mercury fell to 
within two degrees of the temperature of Asheville. 
And it is a well-known and conceded fact that a dry 
atmosphere in an elevated region makes a difference in 
the sensations of from ten to twenty degrees, according 
to the elevation and dryness. This was noticeable and 
remarked upon by visitors here for their health. 

THE AIR 

of this region has a peculiarly bracing and invigorating 
quality, electrical in character ; so much so that a dis- 
tinguished visitor and patient remarked to the writer : 
"I feel as if breathing champagne." A large propor- 
tion of the days during the year are sunny, the average 
of clear days being 259, comparing well with other 
mountain resorts. There are many days in winter when 
one feels as comfortable in the sunshine as he would in 
June ; and in February there are days when ladies can 
go to the woods with their lunch baskets on picnicking 
excursions. 

DRYNESS. 

The rainfall is very small, being 40.2 inches, while 
that of Aiken is 55; Atlanta, 62.7; and Jacksonville, 
Fla., 65.6 inches. The configuration of the surface is 
such that the water runs off very rapidly, and the air 
does not become saturated with moisture, as it does 
elsewhere, being as dry soon after a shower as though 
it had not rained. 

According to the climatic maps prepared by Prof. 
Charles Denison, A. M., M. D., of Denver, Col., 
and based on data furnished by the Signal Service Bu- 
reau, at Washington, D. C, a small tract of country 
surrounding Asheville is dryer in winter than any other 
point east of the great plains. During the spring 
months the air is shown to be as dry as that of Middle 
Kansas; in the summer months the air of Asheville 

lfi 



corresponds in humidity to the dry region surrounding 
San Antonio, Texas; while the atmosphere during the 
autumn is as dry as that of New Braunfels, a few miles 
east of San Antonio. 

TEMPEKATT/KE. 

Asheville possesses a winter temperature several de- 
grees warmer than that of Geneva, Switzerland, and 
Turin, Italy, and fourteen degrees warmer than that of 
Davos, in the Swiss Alps, where a thousand patients are 
sent every winter by the specialists of Europe for the 
beneficial effects of its mountain air. 

Kegarding the spring and summer months, it is suffi- 
cient to state that during a period of eight years the 
mercury but twice rose above 88 degrees, and that the 
maximum temperature of St. Paul, Minn., is from 12 to 
15 degrees higher than that of Asheville. 

I wish especially to impress upon the mind of the 
reader the fact that nearly all invalids going to the very 
high altitude of Colorado on the one hand, or to the low 
country in the vicinity of the Gulf or Atlantic coast on 
the other, must become acclimatized before real im- 
provement can take place ; while to any one coming to 
the medium altitude and relatively equable climate of 
Western North Carolina nothing of the kind is neces- 
sary. 

HEALTHFULNESS. 

Nearly all of the great authorities on climate in its 
relation to pulmonary diseases agree upon the impor- 
tance of the following conditions : 1st. Altitude. Prof. 
Loomis writes that his "best results, when evidences 
of consolidation were present, have been obtained in 
mountain regions 1,500 to 2,000 feet above the sea," and 
mentions Asheville as a place where his ' ' most decid- 
edly beneficial and permanent results have been ob- 
tained." 2d. Dryness and purity of air. The air of 
Asheville possesses these qualities in an eminent de- 

17 



gree. 3d . Coolness of air temperature and warmth of sun 
temperature. These also obtain at Asheville. 4th. The 
rarefaction and low pressure of the air. 5th. The 
intensity of the light. Asheville possesses the advan- 
tage of all the above qualities, and their effect on the 
visitor is to increase the appetite and strength, cause 
sound sleep, and aid toward nervous energy and the ac- 
tivity of the skin. 

Dr. Huntington Eichards, of New York, writing in 
"Wood's Keference Hand-Book of the Medical Sci- 
ences," states that Asheville is a "medium-altitude" 
resort, "and, short of the often inconveniently distant 
Rocky Mountain Plateau, no better elevated winter and 
summer resort for phthisical (consumptive) patients 
exists in the territory of the United States — probably 
none as good." And J. A. Eeagan, A. M., M. D., of 
Weaverville (six miles from Asheville), states that in 
his thirty years' practice he has not seen a case of " spo- 
radic" consumption. 

It should be remembered that the same conditions 
which tend to prevent and cure diseases of the lungs 
will have a similar effect upon such affections as mala- 
ria, scrofula and diseases of women and children. Re- 
garding malaria, its absence from this region may be 
easily understood when, according to Prof. Henry 0. 
Marcy, A. M., M. D., of Boston, Mass., who went 
through this entire section in the saddle and carriage, 
"not a lake or a swamp is to be found in the entire re- 
gion — a fact perhaps without parallel, for an area of 
equal extent, in the world." 

In concluding his paper on " Western North Carolina 
as a Health Resort," Dr. Marcy says : " The pure air, 
water and climate hold out a hopeful helpfulness to in- 
valids from every land. The wise legislator seeking 
far-reaching results would do well to consider the ad- 
visability of securing, under State control, a large res- 

18 



ervation of the higher ranges as a park. Its cost at 
present would be merely nominal. Like the peaks and 
glaciers of Switzerland, its indirect returns of monetary 
gain would be more sure than bonded interest, and its 
sanitary advantages would be of a value incalculable to 
millions yet unborn." 

SCENERY. 
" Those beautiful States of the South— those regions than which 
the whole earth offers nothing more fertile or more lovely. — John 
Bright. 

Who would not take a trip through the mountains of 
North Carolina, provided the chance was offered ? 
Everybody would, I dare say. A country dame, on her 
first visit to the sea, looking over its vastness and men- 
tally contrasting it with the pent-up Utica that hitherto 




had contracted her powers, exclaimed : "I'm glad to 
see something that there is enough of." No doubt one 
passing along the Western North Carolina Railroad 
might make a similar exclamation on beholding Na- 
ture's grand and impressive scenery which lies every- 
where around, and say with equal delight, 
*<■ Is not the scene magnificent ? 

Beauty nowhere owes to mountains 

Lovelier haunts than these." 

The romancer's pen and the artist's pencil have al- 
ready portrayed with equal beauty the scenery of West- 
ern North Carolina. This lovely "land of the sky " has 
been a theme for many years past, and so it will be for 

19 



many years to come. Beautiful in picturesque loveli- 
ness, grand and imposing in majesty, awe-inspiring in 
natural, rugged beauty, and simply wonderful in all its 
character, the western section of this State can never be 
fully appreciated until it is seen and traveled over. 
Here upon every height lies repose, and every land- 
scape extends a silent invitation to the sojourner to 
stay and enjoy its rest. Here the majestic forests seem 

to have 

" A harp for every wind, 
A voice for every sky." 

Here in the hot and sultry days of midsummer, among 
Nature's grand old peaks and sentinels, with their 6,000 
feet of altitude, you are refreshed by 

" The winds stealing gently through the forests, 
Among the leaves that palpitate forever." 

Here you see fertile valleys, where cereals and fruits 
cheer the heart of man, while the circling mountains 
shut out the rest of the world from your vision. This is 
a country on which the red man of the forest has lavished 
a wealth of affection, breathed forth in the poetic names 
he has bestowed upon its hills and streams — names 
that in many cases have perished or lost their import to 
the white man. Here your eyes may dwell upon beds 
of mountain flowers and ferns of endless hue and variety, 
while wild roses and tendrils from hanging vines greet 
the vision in endless profusion, reminding you of a ver- 
itable Arcadia. Here are hills of majestic beauty, 
streams of sparkling water, gorges echoing with the 
roar of the torrent, cascades of tremendous force, 
chasms of wild, dreary fascination; in fact, this is a 
region of mountain grandeur that will ever and anon 
tempt the prophetic soul and yearning heart of man to 
meditate over life's fitful change, and say, in the lan- 
guage of the poet, 

" But let me often to these solitudes 
Retire, and in Thy presence reassure 
, . My feeble virtue.'' 

20 



AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AT ASHEVILLE. 

Degrees. 

January 38.1 

February 39.8 

March 44.7 

April 53.9 

May 61.5 

June 69.1 

July 71.9 

Feet 

August 70.7 

September 63.8 

October 52.8 

November 43 9 

December 37.3 

HEIGHT OF MOUNTAINS IN NORTH CAROLINA, ABOVE 
SEA LEVEL, NEAR THE WESTERN NORTH 

CAROLINA RAILROAD. 

Feet. 

Mitchell's Peak 6,711 

Balsam Cone 6,671 

Hairy Bear 6,610 

Cat-tail Peak 6,611 

These are the highest on the Black mountain (main chain), 
and are in Yancey county. 

Roan Mountain, Mitchell county 6,306 

Big Craggy 6,090 

Table Rock, Burke county 3,918 

Hawk's Bill, " 4,090 

Amos Piatt's Balsam, Haywood county 6,278 

Brother Piatt, Haywood county 6,246 

Jones' Balsam, " 6,223 

Rocky Face, " 6,031 

Rock Stand Knob, " 6,005 

Richland Balsam, ' 6,422 

Chimney Peak 6,234 

Great Pisgah 5,757 

Cowee Ledge, Macon county 4,402 

Chimney Top, " 4,563 

Scaly Mountain, " 4,835 

Nona Mountain, " 5,542 

Wayah Peak of Nantehaleh, Macon county 5,494 

Nantehaleh Gap, Macon county 4,158 

21 



Feet ■ 

Tusquittah Mountain, Cherokee county (.-..,.* 5,314 

Konahetah, Cherokee county 4,493 

Valley River Gap, Cherokee county , . 3,564 

Red Marble Gap, " 2,686 

Chunky Gal, Clay county 4 986 

Cheowah Maximum, Graham county 4,996 

Pinnade of Linnville , . * 2,869 

HEIGHT OF PROMINENT PLACES, ABOVE SEA LEVEL. 

Feet. 

Salisbury - . 760 

Statesville 940 

Morganton 1,140 

Marion , 1,425 

Point Tunnel (first tunnel) 1,622 

Swannanoa Gap 2,657 

Swannanoa Tunnel 2,510 

Mouth of Swannanoa 1.977 

Asheville 2,250 

arshall 1,684 

Warm Springs 1 325 

Paint Rock 1.264 

Alexander's Bridge 1.796 

Waynesville 2,756 

Balsam Gap Railroad Pass 3,41 1 

Mouth of Scott's Creek 1,977 

Webster C. H., Jackson county 2,203 

Franklin C. H., Macon county 2 141 

Munday's Aquone on Nantehaleli . . . . 2,931 

Qualla Town 1,979 

Lenoir, Caldwell county 1 185 

Rabun Gap 2 168 

Tennessee River, near Franklin 2,020 

Tennessee River, at mouth of Almka 1 596 

Tennessee River, at State Line 1.114 

Mouth of Valley River .*... 1.514 

Valley Town, Mrs. Walker's - 1 911 

Sherville, Cheowah River 2,072 

The Black mountains have eighteen peaks more than 
6,000 feet high; the highest, Mitchell, 6,711; Black 
Dome, 6,707; Mountain House (on Mt. Mitchell), 5,245. 
In the Swannanoa mountains, on the left going west, 

22 



Young's Knob is 4,387 feet; Flat Top, 4,378. The ter- 
minal peak of the range, Silver Cliff, six miles from 
Asheville, is 3,850. Pisgah, in view of Asheville to the 
southwest, is 5,757. Fifteen of the peaks about Waynes- 
ville exceed 6,000 feet, the highest, Sam's Knob, being 
6,491. There are fifty-seven mountains in Western 
North Carolina above 6,000 feet high. Along the divid- 
ing line between this State and Tennessee there are 
some rising higher, the average of the whole chain ex- 
ceeding 5,000 feet. The highest peak of the Smoky 
mountains is 6,666 feet; the Roan, 6,306; Grandfather, 
5,897 ; and Table Kock, 3,918. 

Boone, the most elevated village east of the Kocky 
Mountains, is 3,222 feet high; Bakersville, 2,550; 
Waynesville, 2,757; and Burnsville, 2,840. 

Daniel Boone, the greatest Nimrod of the Western 
Hemisphere, the dweller in the Blue Ridge caves and 
scout of the highest peaks, expired at a deer-stand, with 
rifle in hand, pierced through the heart by an Indian 
arrow, in the year 1818. Byron alluded to him in the 
following : 

" Crime came not near him; she is not the child 
Of Solitude. Health shrank not from him, for 
Her home is in the rarely trodden wild." 

Western North Carolina is a mountainous expanse, 
measuring about 100 miles in length by an average 
breadth of mountain plateau of thirty miles, yet in all 
this area there is not one lake. There are rushing 
streams and rapid gorges, but no deep lakes for the 
breeding of malaria — there is no rest for the sparkling 
waters, they go on forever to the deep blue sea. 

There is no better country in the world for the sports- 
man than Western North Carolina. Come and see for 
yourself. 

The Grandfather, the highest peak of the Blue Ridge, 
5,897 feet, is the oldest mountain in the world. It de- 

23 



rives its name of Grandfather from the fact that its 
rocks are of the Archaean age, and the oldest outcrop- 
pings of the globe. 

Geologically speaking, the mountains of Western 
North Carolina are the oldest in the world. 

The Indian population in North Carolina in the year 
1700 was about 8,000. 

In one of the mountains near Asheville is a seat 
erected by an Indian maid on, built of flat rocks, where, 
it is said, she was courted by one of the warriors of the 
Cherokee tribe. The beauty of the place is in the rever- 
berating sounds it gives forth — not even a whisper is a 
secret. Our young couples should beware of this place, 
as no secrets are hidden there. 

A FEW INDIAN NAMES AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS. 

Alleghany — Endless. Chickamauga — River of Death. 

Tahkeeoskee— Racing river. Swannanoa {Noisy river, or 
Ocklawaha — Slowly moving water I Nymph of beauty. 

Minnehaha — Smiling water. Yona — Bear. 

Tuckasege — Terrapin. Salucater — Corn bread. 

N ... (The sun between, or Tawhalageska— Power. 

I A maiden's bosom. Culasaga — Sugar. 

Potomac — Come by water. Toiusta — Coffee. 

Savannah — Place of beauty. Waka — Cow. 

Colehmayeth — Raven water. Catate — Whisky. 

Pocasen— The land of lead. Kentneka— Negro. 

Satoola— Near at hand. Unaka— White man. 

Rappahannock — The current Chelatuckalala — Fire wagon, or 

comes again. steam car. 

Cullasaja— Sweet water. Colaqua — Gun. 

Watauga— The river of islands. Wataheakahoocha— Pretty girl. 

Paptaps'co — Backwater. Scositayouyaw unaka — Mean 
Chesapeake — Superior saltish bay. white man. 

Ahmachumahut — Long stream. Chuna steek — Little baby. 

Chowan — Southern people. Occenolla — Good morning. 

Wackena — A creek. CochaJiaa — Where you going? 

Charho — Tobacco. Cochawbata — Where you been? 

Chuteche — A peak. Sutta — Fish. 

Nickreruroh — An Englishman. Yanka — Fork, pin or needle. 

24 



t 

Entequos A man. Cholaaquatoolla— I want a chew 

Counoowa — A woman. of tobacco. 

Kateocca— A wife. Igale— I reckon. 

Wattatloowatse— A lazy fellow. Clantnochigatta— I don't know. 

Oo-teighne— Let's smoke. Johnelica— All right. 

Oukwockaninniwock— Let's take Kawhala— Paper. 

a drink. Tala— Money. 

Connaughjost twane— All the In- Delonega— Gold money. 

dians are drunk. Unaka tala— Silver money. 

Wessa— Cat creek. Conahana— Hominy. 

Ketla— Dog. Kanigatah — Haven't got it. 

Note. — These names and their significations were obtained after 
many months' research in this State, as well as in Washington City. 

A physician of Asheville states that with more com- 
fortable houses, better markets and other improvements, 
cures of pulmonary diseases are much more common 
here than formerly. Asheville possesses the best all- 
the-year climate in the United States ; in other words, 
the four seasons are equally beneficial in aiding the 
physician to cure pulmonary, malarial and nervous dis- 
eases. 

REASONS WHY ASHEVILLE IS THE MOST DESIRABLE 
HEALTH RESORT IN THE UNITED STATES. 

Because it has a large proportion of sunny days. 

Because Prof. Chas. Denison's " climatic maps " show 
it to possess an air as dry as that of Middle Kansas, and 
San Antonio, Texas. 

Because it has an altitude of 2,339 feet above the sea. 

Because it is within easy reach of all the chief cities 
of the United States. 

Because it possesses the only all-the-year climate. 

Because it is in a region of the most beautiful scenery. 

Because it has a smaller rainfall than any other 
Southern resort. 

Because the summer temperature is cooler than that 
of St. Paul, Minn. 

Because the winters are sufficiently mild for most in- 
valids to take daily out-of-door exercise. 

25 



Because it is recommended by Prof. Alfred L. Loomis, 
M. D., Henry 0. Marcy, M. D., Charles Kearns, M. I)., 
G. C. E. Weber, M. D., Henry F. Biggar, M. D., and 
hundreds of other physicians of eminence. 

In Swain county, just outside Charlestown, is the site 
of the ancient Indian village of Younaahqua or Big 
Bear. Quallatown is the present Cherokee settlement. 
The Indians now number about 2,000. 

For scenery, for health, for the enjoyment of the 
beautiful, for a stroll among sparkling, rippling streams, 
or a tramp up mountains of gorgeous beauty, for pic- 
turesque drives around hanging cliffs, and for a day of 
exquisite enjoyment among Nature's sublimest handi- 
work, commend me to the mountains of Western North 
Carolina. 

PLACES OF INTEEEST. 

" happy if ye knew your happy state, 
Ye rangers of the fields ! where Nature's boon 
Cheers with her smiles, and every element 
Conspires to bless." 

I am indebted to Mr. Charles Lathrop Pack, of Cleve- 
land, Ohio, for the following excellent description of 
the many places of interest near Asheville. Mr. Pack 
has been an extensive traveler, not only in this country 
but throughout Europe, and his descriptions of the sev- 
eral places mentioned are exceedingly well drawn and 
true to nature. Mr. Pack rode or drove over the whole 
of the section described, specially for the purpose of 
insuring the strict fidelity of this account. 



26 



PLACES OF INTEREST 

IN AND AROUND ASHEVILLE — SUGGESTIONS FOR WALKS, 
RIDES AND DRIVES. 




ANY visitors to 
Asheville, and 
particularly 
seekers after 
health and lovers 
of Nature, find 
their greatest at- 
traction in the 
daily excursions 
which can be 
made into the 
surround in g 
country. The 
variety of agreeable walks for the pedestrian is sur- 
passed only by the attractiveness of the roads, paths 
and trails suitable for riding or driving. For a moun- 
tainous region, the roads about Asheville are numerous 
and excellent. Drives may be extended for miles up 
and down the banks of the French Broad or Swannanoa 
river, or across the country, as fancy may suggest. 
Battery Porter, in the central part of the town, is 

27 



a fine hill, commanding a beautiful view of the west- 
ern mountains, and is a popular morning or evening walk. 
A roadway from Patton avenue leads to the summit. 
Here the new Battery Porter Hotel is being erected. 

Beaucatcher is the popular name of the small mountain 
east of the town. Two good roads lead to the gap just 
at the entrance to Mr. Hazzard's private grounds on the 
summit. Visitors are permitted to ascend by the drive- 
way to the lawn surrounding the house, where the finest 
view of the town is obtained. The distance from the 
public square is about one mile, and the climb is highly 
commended for the view of sunrise or sunset. 

Town Mountain is about one mile northeast of the 
town. The way there is via College street, leaving the 
public square at the northeast corner. Passing the col- 
lege grounds on the left, the city reservoir is seen on 
the lower side of Town Mountain. The road to the 
summit turns sharply to the left and passes the reser- 
voir. Many think the finest view of the town is ob- 
tained from this road. 

A favorite drive is across the French Broad river to 
Kichmond Hill about three and one-half miles north- 
west. The road thither is the first one to the right from 
Hayward street after passing Battery Porter. About a 
mile from town the road enters the grounds of Mr. Kich- 
mond Pierson through the outer boundaiy gate. The 
French Broad river is crossed on a private bridge, after 
which the way passes up an easy slope to the inner gate ; 
thence along a shady ridge covered with forest trees, 
like an English park, a final climb leading to the 
rustic house on the summit. The charm of the view is 
its variety and the frequent gleamings of the river, with 
views of the town and mountains. 

Tahkeeoskee Farm, on the French Broad river, oppo- 
site the railway station, is some three miles from the 
square, via Patton avenue and the iron bridge. After 

28 



crossing the river, the Sulphur Springs and Waynesville 
road turns to the left. The entrance to the farm, at 
which a sign is displayed, is a short distance beyond. 
The public are welcome, and the driveways are inviting 
and afford a pleasant view of the river and its pictur- 
esque and shady banks. 

Strawberry Hill, the property of Mr. J. Adger Clark, 

is a mile further on, and should be visited for the view. 

Sulphur Springs, further on in this direction, is about 

five miles from town. The road thither is pleasant, but 

the springs themselves are unattractive. 

Fernihurst, the property of Mr. Connally, is two miles 
south of Asheville, the route leaving the main road 
at the second turn to the right after crossing Town 
Branch, at the foot of Main street hill. The mountain 
view is grand, with a pleasant pastoral foreground of 
fields, river and valley. In the immediate foreground is 
the junction of the Swannanoa and French Broad 
rivers. 

Gouche's Peak and Elk Mountain are between four 
and five miles north of the town, and are favorite points 
for a morning trip on horseback. The way is via the 
Beaver Dam road, leaving the main street a short dis- 
tance north of the post-office. 

Five miles southwest of Asheville is Antler Hall, or 
Tennant's, one of the best examples of an old-time plan- 
tation residence to be found in this region. The rich 
bottom lands along the French Broad river, with the 
mountains in the background, over which grandly tow- 
ers old Pisgah, nearly 6,000 feet high, combine to form 
a view well worth a much longer journey. The visitor 
should take the main Hendersonville highway south, 
down Main street to the biidge over the Swannanoa 
river (two miles) ; cross the bridge and turn immediately 
to the right. This road divides at the "Haunted 
House," a picturesque ivy-covered building near the 

29 



Swannanoa ford. In going to Tennant's, keep to the 
right hand along the river ; further on the road leaves the 
river, and after climbing a long hill and passing through 
two gates, the house and best point for a view is reached. 

The Swannanoa Drive is one of the best. The road 
leaves the Henderson ville highway just before crossing 
the iron bridge over the Swannanoa river, two miles 
south of town. The way is up the river, along its ro- 
mantic and picturesque banks. In the spring, when the 
wild rhododendrons, kalmia and azaleas are in bloom, 
the beauty of this excursion is greatly enhanced. In 
returning, take the road leading to town over the top of 
Beaucatcher, which is rather steep, but shorter than the 
way taken in setting out. The Beaucatcher road leaves 
the Swannanoa at Mr. Cheesborough's private wooden 
bridge, the first up the river after leaving the Hender- 
sonville highway. 

Arden Park Hotel is ten miles south of Asheville, a 
short distance to the west of the Hendersonville road. 
The hotel, with its cottages, attracts in summer a very 
congenial company, and the table is home-like and excel- 
lent. Visitors frequently drive or ride to Arden for din- 
ner, or remain to the frequent entertainments, returning 
to town by moonlight. The hotel is closed in winter. 

Alexander's was a celebrated old-time wayside house 
when the coach road through the French Broad pass 
was the only means of travel between Tennessee and 
the "West and the Carolinas. Its inviting homeliness 
and its antiquated air of comfort and good cheer attract 
many strangers during the warm weath er. The distance 
is ten miles from Asheville, following Main street north 
and thence taking the road down the river. The trip is 
more pleasant on horseback than by carriage, as the old 
coach road is rocky and rough in places where it en- 
croaches upon the river. The view of the rapids of the 
French Broad well repays the time spent. The dis- 

30 




^ ulin lll^ 



A DRIVE ON THE FRENCH BROAD RIVER. 



tance to Alexander's by rail is the same as by the high- 
way. 

The foregoing list of places of interest and shorter ex- 
cursions is by no means intended to exhaust the subject, 
but only to serve as a nucleus around which the reader 
may gather such facts as suit his individual taste. Only 
prominent localities are here outlined, leaving a wide 

31 



field untouched. Few regions afford such opportunities 
for individual exploration and discovery as the country 
about Asheville ; and every lover of Nature who makes 
a prolonged stay is sure to find many delightful nooks 
and corners, byways and paths that are unknown to the 
average resident. 

MOUNTAIN EXCURSIONS. 

Asheville is the best starting point for a great variety 
of mountain trips, which are unsurpassed in beauty and 
grandeur of scenery by those possible in any region in 
the eastern portion of our country, not excepting the 
Adirondacks or the White Mountains. Conveyances 
and saddle horses and mules are to be had at several 
places in town. A guide, or driver who will also act as 
guide, is almost necessary in ascending Mount Mitchell, 
Craggy mountain, Mount Pisgah or Boan mountain, and 
the trip to Hickory Nut Gap, Buck Forest or Caesar's 
Head will be found much more interesting with some one 
to point out the way and places of interest. Mr. Howells, 
to be found at Mr. J. V. Sevier's livery stable, just be- 
low the Swannanoa Hotel, is an excellent guide and a 
gentleman whom all will do well to consult in making 
plans for mountain expeditions. 

Mount Mitchell, the highest of the Black mountains, 
with an altitude of 6,717 feet, is the highest land east of 
the Bocky Mountains. Three days are required for a 
full enjoyment of the trip, including a night spent at 
the shelving rocks or cave on the summit to see the sun- 
set and sunrise. Warm clothing and blankets also, if a 
night is to be passed on the top, are required even in 
summer, as the high peak has an atmosphere of its own. 
The way is up the Swannanoa, most of the way along the 
banks. Some eighteen miles from town is Patton's, the 
usual place for meals or spending a night. Here, too, 
guides and saddle animals can be obtained, as the real 
ascent must be made in the saddle, a steep climb of 

32 



three or four hours. The scene from the summit is 
grand. The writer, who has ascended other mountains 
in this country and in Europe, can recommend it very 
highly. 




MOUNT MITCHELL. 



Mount Pisgah, with an altitude of 5,757 feet, is some 
twenty miles southwest. A bridle path leads to the high 
peak, passing over the back of "The Kat." Saddle ani- 
mals for the ascent should be taken from town, but a 
good wagon road goes as far as the quaint and popular 

33 



mountain farm-house known as "the Widow Davis's," 
at the foot of the mountain. Here good meals and 
lodging can be obtained. Everything is home-made, 
even to the hand-woven blankets and sheets. Visitors 
go to this farm-house the first day, remain over night, 
make the ascent and return to the house the next day, 
and on the third return to Asheville. This makes an 
easy and delightful three days' excursion. 

Koan Mountain, via Bakersville, is about seventy 
miles nearly northeast from Asheville. The Cloudland 
Hotel suggests an airy perch, as it is, being 6,250 feet 
above the sea. The High Knob is 6,306 feet above the 
sea. Travelers going north can go to the Roan by car- 
riage, and thence to Johnson City, and north via the 
East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad. The 
rhododendrons on the Eoan are a rare sight, with their 
blaze of color, when in bloom. 

Caesar's Head, a splendid eminence at the southern 
extremity of Transylvania, stretching across the South 
Carolina line, affords a sweeping and almost unlimited 
outlook over the lowlands. The distance is forty-five 
miles south from Asheville. A delightful trip can be 
made via Brevard, twenty-eight miles. The tourist can 
remain here over night, and drive to Caesar's Head (six- 
teen miles) the next day, via Buck Forest, famous for 
its fish and game. The hotel at Caesar's Head is well 
patronized during the summer. 

Hickory Nut Gap claims manifold attractions, and the 
trip is readily accomplished on horseback, or by buggy or 
carriage. Crossing the Swannanoa, the road leads south- 
east after passing the railway. High Falls is twenty-two 
miles distant. The scenery is peculiarly beautiful. Chim- 
ney Bock and the Pools should not be out of the trip. 
By spending the night at Mrs. Sherrill's, near the top 
of the Gap, the beauties of the region can all be seen 
in two days. 

34 




CESAR'S HEAD. 



The following is a list of places of interest in and 
around Asheville, with distance in miles : 

Name. Miles. 

Tower of Swannanoa Hotel in town. 

Battery Porter " 

Beaumont (altitude nearly 2,800 feet).. " 

Top Town Mountain 1 

Fernihurst (Connally 's View) 2 

Tahkeeoskee Farm 3 

Richmond Hill (Pearson's View) 4 

Gouche's Peak (Duffield's View) 5 

Elk Mountain 5 

Tennant's View 5 

Strawberry Hill (Clark's Farm) 4 

French Broad River, nearest point, 1 mile ; drives of 1 to 50 

Swannanoa River, nearest point, 2 miles ; drives of 1 to 10 

Lee's Chalybeate Springs (Iron) 2 

Sulphur Springs (Yellow) 5 

Blackwell's Sulphur Springs (White) 12 

Arden Park i 10 

Reams Creek Falls 10 

Alexander's Falls 10 

Warm Springs, on French Broad River 37 

Waynesville White Sulphur Springs 31 

Hickory Nut Falls 22 

Bald Mountain (of volcanic notoriety) 25 

Cave of the Winds, Pools, Chimney Rocks, etc 25 

Pisgah Mountain (altitude, 5,757 feet) 20 

Swannanoa Gap 18 

Craggy Mountain, to foot, 14 miles ; to top (altitude 6,090 ft.) 18 

Mt. Mitchell, to foot, 18 miles ; to top (altitude, 6,717 ft.). . . 28 

Caesar's Head 45 

Roan Mountain (altitude, 6,306 feet) 72 

Hendersonville 21 

Buck Forest 35 



36 



POPULARITY AS A HEALTH RESORT, 




BEAT crowds in 
both summer and 
winter attest Ashe- 
ville's growth and 
popularity as a 
health resort, as 
well as a winter san- 
itarium. Says Dr. 
Henry O. Marcy, of 
Boston, a distin- 
guished physician: "Within the last two or three 
years I have sent a considerable number of invalids 
to Asheville, with excellent results." From all parts 
of the country flock people to this mountain city 
of peculiar beauty and interest. There were re- 
gistered last year in the city over 30,000 visitors, 
and in contemplation of a large increase of invalids, 
tourists and pleasure seekers, there is a magnificent 
hotel under construction on Battery Porter, one of the 
most commanding sites in the city. The increased 

37 



building of summer houses by people from afar attests the 
popularity of this place as a resort of great attractiveness. 

The proprietors of the ever-popular Swannanoa, well 
and favorably known as the tourists' hotel, are making 
arrangements to meet the increased travel this spring 
and summer. This hotel is home-like, comfortable and 
convenient, and the proprietors, Messrs. Rawls Bros., 
are gentlemen of exceptional address, courtesy and 
affability of manner. Besides being hosts in the hotel 
keeping sense, they are hosts in themselves in the way 
of making guests feel comfortable under the hospitable 
roof of the "Old Swannanoa." This hotel, recently 
enlarged and improved both for winter and summer 
travel, is ever keeping pace with the times in the pro- 
vision of all the modern appointments and comforts. 

Situated in a valley 3,000 feet high, with mountains 
around as high again, with invigorating breezes full of 
pure oxygenated air, with a climate mild, pleasant and 
invigorating ; having the advantages of altitude of 
country, freedom of its air from dust, excellent drain- 
age, clear skies, spring water and invigorating breezes, 
it is no wonder that Asheville recommends itself to the 
invalid, the tourist and the pleasure-seeker. 

BATTERY POUTER HOTEL. 

This new house, built by gentlemen interested in the 
Western North Carolina Kailway, will be opened for 
the summer season of 1886. It is expected that the 
house will at once take a leading position. The situa- 
tion is remarkably good, just aside from the business 
of the town, yet near enough to be convenient. The 
view from the hotel porches is unsurpassed. The struct- 
ure is of wood after designs by Philadelphia architects, 
and there are modern conveniences, including a passen- 
ger elevator. 

LIST OF HOTELS AND OTHER BOARDING PLACES. 

Swannanoa Hotel, South Miin street; Battery Porter 

39 




SUNSET HOUSE, KESIDENCE OF L. M. PEASE. 

Hotel, on Battery Porter; Eagle Hotel, South Main 
street; Carolina House, North Main street; Pease's, 
South Main street, one mile from town ; Mountain Cot- 
tage, Main street; Arden Park Hotel and Cottages, ten 
miles south of town; Antler Hall or Tennant's, 'five 
miles from town; Mrs. Cape's, College street; 

40 



Chunn's, Patton avenue; McDowell's, South Main 
street. Beside these a large number of private houses 
are open for boarders during the summer season. 

WARM SPRINGS. 

Some forty miles from Asheville, down the valley of 
the French Broad are the "Warm Springs, which have 
had a considerable reputation for many years on ac- 
countof the valuable medicinal qualities of their waters. 
Before the war, as since, the large hotel at the Springs, 
which was burned in 1885, was a popular rendezvous for 
the people of the lower Atlantic and Gulf States. Since 
the burning of the hotel and buildings, the only accom- 
modations have been those obtainable at a few private 
houses. Recently (in 1886) a company composed of 
Northern and Southern gentlemen has purchased the 
Springs property, and is erecting a large, first-class hotel 
which will have accommodation for several hundred 
guests. The grounds are being improved, and the baths 
thoroughly rebuilt in a luxurious manner. The Warm 
Springs are literally warm pools, rising to the surface 
near the river. The temperature is from 102 degrees to 
104 degrees Fahrenheit. The water is efficacious in 
cases of rheumatism, paralysis, and similar muscular 
or nervous ailments. Nine hundred feet lower than 
Asheville, the place has an altitude of about thirteen 
hundred feet, and is very healthful. Passengers via 
the Western North Carolina Railway from the West, 
enter the picturesque portion of the French Broad river 
country after leaving the Warm Springs. 

WAYNESVILLE, HAYWOOD WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

Thirty- eight miles south of the Warm Springs, and 
thirty-two west of Asheville, being a day's ride from 
either place by carriage, are the White Sulphur Springs. 
From Asheville the trip can be made by railroad in a 
few hours. Here are situated the celebrated sulphur 
springs which have gained so much notoriety for the 

41 




SoUTffTuy.GrH-'X^ 



A DBIVE ON THE SWANNANOA RIVEE. 

cure of rheumatism, gout, lassitude, and all of the 
cutaneous diseases. The new hotel is one of the most 
modern erections in this section of the country, and con- 
tains the latest improvements. It will be open by the 
1st of June. 

42 



ASHEVILIiE'S STEADY AND UNIFORM GROWTH. 

In 1860 Asheville had a population of 1,400 ; to-day 
the population is put down at 5,000. The assessed val- 
uation of property in 1860 was $300,000 ; in 1885 it was 
$1,095,292. 

I am indebted to the kindness and courtesy of Mr. 
T. W. Patton for the following official statistics regard- 
ing Asheville's progress from 1880 to 1885. Here are 
the figures as taken from the official record : 

ASSESSED VALUATION OF PROPERTY IN 1880. 

Number of acres of land in the county 333,633 

Valuation $1,322,294= 

Number of town lots 436 

Valuation of town lots $517,281 

Aggregate value of real and personal property $2,748,867 

ASSESSED VALUATION OF PROPERTY IN 1885. 

Number of acres of land in the county 333,633 

Valuation $1,651,443 

Number of town lots 829 

Valuation of town lots $1,095,292 

Aggregate value of real and personal property $4,473,217 

These figures speak volumes for Asheville's growth, 
and point clearly to the fact that within a few more 
years the figures reached will double those which illus- 
trate the present. This assertion is strengthened by 
the fact that within the past month several large sales 
have been made to Northern capitalists, who propose to 
erect manufacturing establishments within the city 
limits. In every avenue of business there is an activity 
which argues well for the continued prosperity and 
growth of this charming mountain town. "Onward ! " 
seems to be the watchword of the people, and to the dis- 
play of this progressive spirit are due the prosperity 
and promise evidenced everywhere around. 

COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGES. 

The Western North Carolina Railroad, a part of the 
Richmond and Danville System, affords the readiest and 

43 



most interesting access to a country which has been 
well described by Mr. King in his articles on " The Great 
South " in Scribner's Monthly, and over which the pen of 
the gifted Miss Fisher, of Salisbury, N. C, has thrown 
the glamour of romance. It is a region which is to-day 
largely frequented both by tourists and invalids. Few 
regions present greater attractions of wild natural 
scenery, and none in the whole range of the Alleghanies 
holds greater promise of relief to invalids in its fine 
climate, its mineral waters, and pleasant summer re- 
treats. From almost any point of this railroad, after it 
enters the mountains, as also from its terminus, deli- 
cious cool resorts may be reached, where living is 
cheap, the climate and water delightful, and the scenery 
enchanting. 

This road passes through the heart of the State in a 
direction almost due west, traversing the counties of 
Eowan, Iredell, Catawba, Burke and McDowell, to the 
top of Swannanoa Pass of the Blue Bidge, a distance of 
more than 150 miles. It is projected and constructed 
to Warm Springs, in Madison county, near the western 
boundary of the State, where it connects with the East 
Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Kailroad, and in an- 
other direction toward Waynesville and Webster, in the 
southwestern part of the State, thus forming a grand 
connection not only with the entire western part of 
North Carolina, opening up one of the finest regions of 
the State, but giving also another line of trans- 
port to the productions of the great West to the sea- 
board. Since the completion of the Spartanburg and 
Asheville Kailroad, the connections with Charleston, 
Augusta, Savannah, Atlanta and all points south and 
southwest afford expeditious travel from those sections. 

Said Mr. Edward King in his description of " The 
Great South," in Scribner's Monthly, in 1874: 

" Western North Carolina is not only exceedingly fer- 

u 



tile, but abounds in the richer minerals, and needs but 
the magic wand of the capitalist waved over it to be- 
come one of the richest sections of this Union. Occu- 
pying one-third of the entire area of the State, and pos- 
sessing more than a quarter of a million of inhabitants, 
its present prospects are by no means disagreeable ; but 
its prominent citizens, of all walks of life, are anxious 
for immigration and development of the rich stores of 
gold, iron, copper, mica, and other minerals now buried 
in the hills. Let no one fancy that this mountain re- 
gion is undesirable as an agricultural country; there 
are few richer and better adapted to European emigra- 
tion. The staple productions are tobacco, corn, wheat, 
rye, oats and hay ; all vegetables grow abundantly, and 
the whole country is admirably fitted for grazing. The 
level bottom lands are under fine cultivation ; the up- 
lands and slopes produce rich wheat ; the ash, the sugar 
maple, the hickory and the oak are abundant ; and white 
pine is rafted down the Pigeon river in large quantities 
yearly. But the exceptional fertility of most of the 
ranges throughout all the counties is the great pride of 
the section. The sides and tops of the mountains are, 
in many cases covered with a thick vegetable mold, 
in which grow flourishing trees and rank grasses. Five 
thousand feet above the sea level one finds grasses and 
weeds that remind him of the lower swamp regions. 
Cattle are kept in excellent condition all winter on the 
"evergreen" growing along the sides of the higher 
chains. Winter and summer, before the ravages of the 
war thinned out their stocks, the farmers kept hundreds 
of cattle on the mountains, feeding entirely on grasses. 

RESOURCES. 

The valleys of the French Broad and Swannanoa offei 
for all kinds of husbandry an inviting field, while the 
climatic conditions are more than favorable. Agricul- 

45 



ture is one of the great interests of the section tributary 
to Asheville, while the forest growth is a subject now 
attracting the attention of capitalists. In the country 
contiguous to the place there are to be found the yellow 
pine, oak of almost every variety, black walnut, chest- 
nut, locust, poplar, black birch, cherry, maple, syca- 
more, mulberry, sassafras, dogwood, and other well- 
known varieties of native woods. 

Nearly 160 minerals, simple and compound, are found 
in Western North Carolina, many of them being ex- 
tremely rare and of great value. In the French Broad 
valley gold exists in many localities, while future ex- 
ploration will no doubt lead to other discoveries. This 
county possesses literally mountains of wealth in mica, 
this section supplying nearly one-half the demand 
throughout the world. 

The water power is almost incomparable. The French 
Broad at Asheville is estimated at 125 horse power, and 
at Warm Springs, 170 horse power, which gives for the 
part of the river from Asheville to the state line 100,000 
horse power. At Brevard, in Transylvania, the horse 
power is placed at 45, which adds 10,000 ; and the tribu- 
taries, like the Swannanoa, Ivy, Laurel, etc., represent 
5,000 each, so that the French Broad may be set down 
at 175,000 horse power. 

As a fruit-growing section Asheville enjoys peculiar 
advantages. Apples, peaches, pears and apricots thrive 
well, and find a congenial home among these Southern 
mountains. As for apples, there is probably no section 
of country where they flourish so well as Western North 
Carolina. The Centennial medal at Philadelphia 
awarded for fine apples was taken by a gentleman liv- 
ing not far from this place, and in the following year, 
at the American Pomological Society's meeting, in the 
city of Baltimore, the same individual was awarded the 
Wilder medal for 100 varieties of the finest apples. 

46 



KALLKOAD FACILITIES. 

The great Piedmont Air Line, embracing the Rich- 
mond and Danville Bailroad, the Piedmont Railroad, 
and the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line, and connecting 
Richmond, Va., with Atlanta, Ga., presents not only one 
of the shortest lines of travel between the North and 



hj4& 




INTERIOR OF ASHEVILLE CLUB. 

South, but offers excellent accommodations to the trav- 
eling public. The new management, ably assisted by 
Col. A. B. Andrews, one of the most progressive railroad 
men in the South, have determined to make this moun- 
tain road the route par excellence in every particular, 
equally as regards importance of country traversed, 
excellence of service, and comfort and luxury of travel. 
This railroad passes through four great states, and along 
a line nearly parallel with the mountains through al- 
most the finest portions of these states. The whole 
region traversed is emphatically a piedmont region — 
a fine undulating country, a country of " hills and run- 

47 



ning streams,'" watered by noble rivers, bordered by the 
Blue mountains, and at one time, before the destruction 
of values by the war, the most productive and prosper- 
ous in the South ; and one which is destined, in the 
not distant future, to form the very body and substance 
of the several states in which it is comprised. Beside the 
attractions which the main line presents, its connections 
at different points with lines of railroad leading west- 
ward, especially in its connections in North and South 
Carolina with roads leading into the mountains of North 




ESMERALDA'S CABIN, BALD MOUNTAIN. 

Carolina, Georgia, South Carolina and Tennessee, have 
laid open to tourists and seekers after health and pleas- 
ure a region of romantic beauty hitherto almost unvis- 
ited by reason of inaccessibility. The mountain region 
of North Carolina — appropriately called "The Land of 
the Sky "—into the heart of which one is now comforta- 

48 



bly, carried in the most luxurious of coaches, must 
necessarily soon become a country of great resort, as 
well for pleasure as for health. No part of the Appa- 
lachian range presents more attractive scenery, and 
none such excellence of climate. 

The Western North Carolina Railroad, the great 
mountain artery of the Richmond and Danville System, 
has been the life-giving principle to this region. It is 
by far the most complete and thoroughly equipped 
mountain railroad in this country, and the most pic- 
turesque and pleasant to travel over. This road was 
first projected over thirty years ago. A charter was 
granted in 1854, the first ground being broken the same 
year At the beginning of the late war, Icard station 
had been reached. After many halts by the way, Mor- 
ganton was reached in 1866, Old Fort in 1871, Henry's 
in 1876, and Asheville in September, 1880. Now connec- 
tions are made at Paint Rock, the boundary line of Ten- 
nessee and North Carolina, with the East Tennessee, 
Virginia and Georgia system of railroads, and, by the 
completion of the Knoxville and Ohio Railroad, Ashe- 
ville is only twenty-four hours from Louisville. 

Col. A. B. Andrews, the President of this road, has 
devoted time and energy, as well as labor, to its work- 
ing system, and his far-seeing ability and foresight as a 
railroad man have insured great good, not only to 
this mountain country, which for years was undeveloped, 
but to the State at large. In his work he has been ably 
assisted by Mr. V. E. McBee, the Superintendent, who 
is ever studying the interest of the great traveling 
public. 

THE PEOPLE. 

The people in the mountains of Western North Caro- 
lina are kind, hospitable and generous to a fault. In 
the most humble cabin, away from the sounds of trade 
and traffic, in their little mountain homes 4,000 or 

49 



5,000 feet above the ocean's roar, one can see the sim- 
plicity of rural life exhibited as nowhere else to be seen 
on this vast continent. Here these good people toil and 
labor, live and die amid Nature's great handiwork, ob- 
livious to the great throbs and pulsations of a cosmo- 
politan life. It may well be said they symbolize the 
myriads of earth's toiling masses, and as we listen to 
their passing footfalls, we seem to hear 

" The still, sad music of humanity." 



SWANNANOA. 



BY JACQUES, OF CHABLESTON, S. C. 

Swannanoa, nymph of beauty, 

I would woo thee in my rhyme ; 
Wildest, brightest, loveliest river, 

Of our sunny Southern clime ! 
Swannanoa, well they named thee, 

In the mellow Indian tongue; 
Beautiful thou art, most truly, 

And right worthy to be sung. 

I have stood by many a river 

Known to story and to song — 
Ashley, Hudson, Susquehanna, 

Fame to whichjmay well belong ; 
I have camped by the Ohio, 

Trod Scioto's fertile banks, 
Followed far the Juniata, 

In the wildest of her pranks— 

But thou reignest queen forever, 

Child of Appalachian hills, 
Winning tribute as thou flowest, 

From a thousand mountain rills. 
Thine is beauty, strength-begotten, 

Mid the cloud-begirded peaks, 
Where the patriarch of the mountains, 

Heavenward far thy waters seeks, 
51 



Through the laurels and the beeches 

Bright thy silvery current shines, 
Sleeping now in granite basins, 

Overhung by trailing vines, 
And anon careering onward, 

In the maddest frolic mood, 
Waking, with its sea-like voices, 

Fairy echoes in the wood. 

Peaceful sleep thy narrow valleys 

In the shadow of the hills ; 
I And thy flower-enameled border 

All the air with fragrance fills ; 
Wild luxuriance, generous tillage, 

Here alternate meet the view ; 
Every turn, through all thy windings, 

Still revealing something new. 

Where, O graceful Swannanoa, 

Are the warriors who of old 
Sought thee at thy mountain sources, 

Where thy springs are icy cold, — 
Where the dark-browed Indian maidens, 

Who their limbs were wont to lave 
(Worthy bath for fairer beauty), 

In thy cool and limpid wave? 

Gone forever from thy borders, 

But immortal in thy name 
Are the red men of the forest ! 

Be thou keeper of their fame ! 
Paler races dwell beside thee ; 

Celt and Saxon till thy lands, 
Wedding use unto thy beauty, — 

Linking over thee their hands. 



RACING WATER." 



BY MABY BAYABD CLABKE. 

" Bacing water" who can paint thee ! 
With thy scenery wild and grand, 
It would take a magic pencil 
Guided by a master hand. 

52 



Here are towering, rugged mountains, 
Granite rocks all scarred and gray, 

Nature's altars whence her incense 
Floats in wreaths of mist away. 

At their feet thy murmuring waters 
Now are singing songs of praise, 

Or in sonorous notes triumphant 
A majestic paean raise. 

Down the canon's rocky gorges 
Now they wildly, madly sweep, 

Or with laughing shout exultant 
O'er the rocky barriers leap. 

Then in calm and limpid beauty 
Still and deep they silent flow, 

With the verdant bank o'erhanging 
Pictured in the depths below. 

Tah-kee-os-kee, "racing water," 
Was thy sonorous Indian name, 

But as " French Broad " thou art written 
On the white man's roll of fame. 

Perish that, and live the other, 

For on every dancing wave 
Evermore is shown the beauty 

Of the name the red man gave. 



MOUNTAIN BREEZES. 

Nowhere in the State will the tourist and the invalid, 
as well as the pleasure seeker, find such excellent hotel 
accommodations as are to be found among the moun- 
tains of Western North Carolina. 

A word to those suffering with rheumatism, gout or 
any of the cutaneous diseases : Come to the celebrated 
Warm Springs in Western North Carolina, where you 
will find the " Fountain of Youth," and hot baths unsur- 
passed on this continent. Beside these advantages, a 
magnificent new hotel, with all the modern improve- 
ments, is one of the special^attractions of this widely- 
famed resort. 

53 



Col. E. B. Thomas, General Manager of the Richmond 
and Danville Eailroad System, and Col. A. B. Andrews, 
President of the Western North Carolina Railroad, are 
representative, wide-awake railroad men. They are 
doing all they can to develop this section of the State, 
by giving our people the very best possible railway ac- 
commodations. The steel rail over mountains and 
through gorges in this section has been truly a God- 
send to our people, and it is keenly appreciated by them. 

Don't forget to call on Mrs. Stockton if you go to 
Waynesville. Her table will gratify the most fastidious, 
and she is indeed one of the few women in the land who 
know just exactly how to please. 

The mountainous region of North Carolina embraces 
an area of 5,400 square miles, of an average elevation 
of 2,600 feet. 

The new Waynesville Hotel will be a popular place of 
resort this summer, under the capable management of 
host Timberlake. The hotel grounds are tempting 
Arcadian nooks of repose. 

The Indians, while roaming the forest of North Caro- 
lina, used to keep the remains of their ancestors, es- 
pecially their chiefs, in a hut called a " Quiogozog." 

Don't forget to have "Snowball," "Shakiefoot" and 
" Bones" dance for you before you leave Asheville. 

E&tabrook's, on Main street, Asheville, deserves to 
be called the tourist's headquarters, since while it is 
one of the pleasantest of places to visit, it supplies in 
great variety the articles which persons are the most 
likely to feel the need of when on an outing. Here will 
be found artists' materials, books, fine stationery, sum - 
mer reading, fancy goods, Florida and Western North 
Carolina novelties. Helper's Illustrated Guide Book, the 
best thing out, always on hand. Lessons given in 
drawing, and oil and water color painting, at studio over 
store. 

54 



It has been generally remarked by the traveling pub- 
lic that the conductors on the Western North Carolina 
Railroad cannot be surpassed for politeness, affabil ty of 
manner or regard for the comfort of their passengers. 
Capt. Thomas Murphy and Capt. P. A. Newland are 
noted for their caution, care, and indefatigable activity. 
They are both deservedly popular. 

Excursion parties, picnic crowds and flower rumina- 
tors are all the rage during the summer. One day last 
year while a couple were out gathering the beautiful 
rhododendrons at a picnic, a certain gentleman from 
South Carolina found a gold vein ; afterward he secured 
a gold mine. 

The proper caper you know is this, provided you are 
thirsty: " Oukwockaninniwock" — "let's take a drink" 
for it's " quite Indian you know, quite Indian you know." 

It's an ill omen to present your best girl with a bunch 
of rhododendrons before breakfast. Ask Charley Kawls 
of the " Swannanoa," the why and wherefore. 

Eomantic star-gazing couples should not fail to visit 
the old Indian seat near the city, referred to in the 
Pamphlet. They will do well to remember, however, 
should they go there, that : "Les murailles ont des 
oreilles." 

Families and invalids desiring a pleasant home-like 
place, will do well to bear in mind the delightful home 
of Mountain Cottage, Mr. H. C. Hunt, proprietor. 

Visitors fond of the aesthetic should not fail to take a 
peep into the Mikado room, over Lyon's drug store. 
Mr. Roger Davis, the artist, has on exhibition some 
very fine and effective sketches of inviting nooks among 
the mountains of Western North Carolina. 

Battery Porter, as during the war, still holds its rep- 
utation as a stronghold not easily captured. Many 
a gallant " colonel" in private life meets his fate from 
fair hands on the scenes of former struggles. 

55 




AN ASHEVILEE INTERIOR. 



•fjBattery Porter Hotels 



ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 



Situate I on an eminence 2,389 feet above Sea Level. 
Commanding the finest view of mountain scenery 
around the metropolis of the sky. 

A new and modern Hotel/with all the modern im- 
provements. Just completed at a cost of $80,000. 

New appointments throughout — elevators, modern 
bathrooms, hot and cold water. 

Table par excellence in every particular. 

Pure air, pure water, and soothing rest. . 

Magnificent grounds, fine drives and picturesque 
nooks of observation. 

^®" For further particulars, address : 

BATTERY PORTER HOTEL, 

ASHEVILLE, N. C. 

57 



WARM SPRINGS HOTEL, 

MADISON COUNTY, N. C. 



A new Hotel, built with especial advantages for the 
Tourist, Invalid and Pleasure-seeker, in the very heart 
of the mountains of North Carolina, affording a magni- 
ficent opportunity to enjoy and study the scenery of 
the Sky-Land. 

Here are situated the wonderful and remedial Hot 
Springs, which have a national reputation for their cura- 
tive powers. Temperature, 104°. 

Rheumatism, Gout, Malaria, Cutaneous Diseases and 
Lassitude removed, from the use of this remarkable 
Avater. 

Charming drives, excellent fishing, lovely scenery. 

Eepose and quiet along the rippling mountain 
streams of Western North Carolina. 

7^- For full particulars, address : 

WARM SPRINGS HOTEL, 

MADISON COUNTY, N. C. 

58 



ASHEVILLE WAREHOUSE, SEAS0 3l^i 8 i 5 - 6 - 

FOR THE SALE OF LEAF TOBACCO, 

CHAMBEKS, WEST & CO., Peopbtetoes, 

SUCCESSORS TO RHEA, CHAMBERS 8c CO., 

ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 

Good accommodations for Farmers and their Stock, and high 
est Market Prices obtained at this House. 
Salesroom, and its lights, the best in the place. 
J. HENRY CARTES., Auctioneer, THOS. BROWN, ) Floor 
W. W. WEST, Book Keeper. J. A. FANNING, ) Managers. 

j. v. sevier's 
Fine * Li very & Stable. 

Headquarters for the Tourist and Invalid who desires good 
Livery. 

HANDSOME BUGGIES, ELEGANT BAROUCHES AND 
GENTLE HACKS. 

NEXT DOOR TO SWANNANOA HOTEL. 



THE BANK OF ASHEVILLE, * 

1 *• * ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 

J. P. SAWYER, President. D. C. WADDELL, Cashier. 

J. C. RANKIN, Vice-President. LAWRENCE PULLIAN, Asst. Cashier. 



THE OLDEST AND MOST RELIABLE BANK 

IN 

WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. 



SURPLUS, -/-- $10,000. 



TOUEISTS and Invalids will find this Bank a pleasant place 
to transact their business. The officers are courteous, kind 
and obliging. Convenient to all Hotels. 

MAIN ST., ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA. 

59 



A SOUTHERN SUMMER RETREAT 

OF PECULIAR BEAUTY 
IN THE HEART OF THE ALLEGHANIES. 



Haywood White Sulphur Springs, 

WAYNESVILLE, N. C, 

The most beautiful place east of the Kocky Moun- 
tains. 600 feet higher than Asheville, 1,400 feet 
higher than Warm Springs, 2,900 feet higher than Sea 
Level. 

Hotel accommodations unsurpassed. Excellent 
water. Magnificent scenery. Delightful lanes. Charm- 
ing drives. No malaria here. Pure oxyegnated air. 
No dust. No heat. No flies. Arcadian repose and 

quiet meditation among rolling brooks and primaeval 
forests. 

70S** Send for descriptive circular : 

HAYWOOD WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 

WAYNES VILE, N. C. 

60 



THE POPULAR BOOK STORE. % 

J, ft; MORGAN & CO., 

BOOKSELLERS, 

STATIONERS AND NEWSDEALERS, 

ASHEVILLE, N. C. 

Carry a full line of all kinds of Books. New Publications 
continually in stock. All the Cheap Libraries on our Counters. 

DAILY PAPERS, MAGAZINES, FANCY GOODS, TOYS, 

ETC., ETC. 

Tourists' headquarters. Orders by mail solicited and prompt- 
ly filled. 

J. N. MORGAN & CO., 

NORTH COURT SQUARE, - - ASHEVILLE, N. C. 



Greeley said, "Go West!" Whittier says, 
"Come South, and see 85,000 acres largest tem- 
perance colony in the world!" No farm or lot 
sold except for actual settlement. Graded roads 
making, good soil, producing everything. 

BEST TOBACCO, FRUIT, GRAIN, LUMBER, 
MINERALS. 
Country homes by simply paying interest five 
years, then principal in five years more, in town 
lots and farms. $50,000 worth sold in five months. 
Equable climate, no malaria. Land cheap, from 
30 to 200 acres. 

Address, with stamp : 

C. WHITTIER, 
Whittier, Swain County, North Carolina. 



61 



£* 1865. S^-—^—————^ 1886. *£ 

E. J. ASTON & SON, 

Fire, Life and Accident 

4|"l"N3URANCE,|f 

ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA, 

J9S" REPRESENT A LARGER INSURANCE CAPITAL 
THAN ANY OTHER AGENCY IN THE STATE. 

The Western North Carolina Railroad. 

A MOUNTAIN RAILROAD OF PICTURESQUE BEAUTY. 



A rare railway ride over mountains, affording the 
most charming scenery in the world, and through 
gorges presenting nature in her wild and fantastic forms. 

Through valleys and meadows of pastoral loveliness, 
and by streams of pure sparkling mountain water from 
mountains 6,000 feet high. 

Magnificent service, steel rails, comfortable and well- 
ventilated sleepers. Observation Parlor Cars. Polite 
attention. 

Parties contemplating a trip to the " Land of the Sky " 
should address : 

Capt. W. A. TURK, 

ASSISTANT-GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT, 

SALISBURY, N. C. 

62 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 






